Svetlana Popova, Shannon Lange. Kevin Shield. Larry Burd & Jürgen Rehm (4 Mar 2019) ‘Prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder among special subpopulations: a systematic review and meta‐analysis’. Addiction 

Authors findings: FAS and FASD prevalence rates were collated for the following five subpopulations: children in care, correctional, special education, specialized clinical and Aboriginal populations. The estimated prevalence of FASD in these special subpopulations was 10–40 times higher compared with the 7.7 per 1000 (95% confidence interval = 4.9–11.7) global FASD prevalence in the general population.

Authors conclusions: Global subpopulations of children in care, correctional, special education, specialized clinical and Aboriginal populations have a significantly higher prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder compared with the general population, which poses a substantial global health problem.