The February 2015 issue of Pediatrics features an article summarizing an archival study of missed and misdiagnosed cases of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD).

The results of this study reported that 86 percent of cases with FASD diagnoses were either unrecognized (80%) or misdiagnosed (6%) at referral in this sample of foster- and adoptive-care populations. When replicated in other study sets, these findings would have significant implications regarding the need for increased FASD training and diagnostic capacity nationwide.

http://fasdcenter.samhsa.gov/FASDResearchReview/FASDinReview.aspx