Risk radar

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Sound signal.By all available means. This means that a watch keeper need to use all resources available to keep a look out. These resources can be VHF, AIS, Radar and ECDIS to name a few.Appraisal of situation and risk of collision. This should be the ultimate target of the watch keeper to keep a look out. A watch keeper need to look out to find any risk of collision with any vessel. Also the watch keeper should know the present situation he is in. He should also be proactive in assessing the situation he would be in after sometime. For example, he should take into account the general traffic route (such as in TSS) which may have the other ship alter her course much before TCPA.Rule 7: Risk of collisionA good look out by sight, hearing, Radar and other available means will not miss out any targets. The next important factor of a good watch keeping is to determine if risk of collision exists.Rule no 7 gives the guidelines on how to determine if risk of collision exists.Risk of collision shall be deemed to exist if the compass bearing of an approaching vessel does not appreciably change.Approaching vessel means the distance should be decreasing andAppreciable change means that change in compass bearing by 2-3 deg would not mean that there is no risk of collision.Rule 7 also warns the watch keepers about the assumption made on scanty information specailly scanty radar information.The words Scanty information means small or insufficient information. That means the watch keeper must not assume that there is no risk of collision based upon insufficient information. Insufficient information may includeAssuming no risk of collision just by visually sighting the target without conforming the change in compass bearingAssuming no risk of collision basis radar showing 0.3~0.5 NM CPA. Watch keeper should not assume that CPA shown in radar is always accurate.Assuming no risk of collision without conforming if the target is passing ahead or astern of own vessel. On most of the radars this is shown as BCR (Bow crossing range). If the BRC is showing empty, it means the target will pass stern of own vessel. A target passing ahead of own vessel at close range is considered more risky than a target passing stern of own vessel at close range.Assuming no risk of collision for a vessel at long range (more than 12 NM) on radar. CPA shown on radar for a target at long range will often have error. While Colregs recommend long range scanning on radar, assuming no risk of collision for targets at long range can be risky. 6~8 NM is a good range for assessing risk of collision. Even for targets at

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