Atenolol for anxiety

Treatment of Cats With No Clinical Signs (Nothing Works)There currently is no evidence that any drug alters the natural history of HCM in cats until they are in heart failure. Diltiazem, atenolol, and ACE inhibitors are commonly administered to cats with mild to severe HCM that are not in heart failure on an empirical basis. Studies by the author have shown that ramipril, an ACE inhibitor, and spironolactone have no beneficial effects on HCM prior to the onset of heart failure (do not work),1 resulting in left ventricular (LV(2)"container-title":"J Vet Intern Med,""page":"335-41,""volume":"22,""archive_ cation":"18346145,""abstract":"BACKGROUND: Myocardial fibrosis occurs in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM In addition, spironolactone produced severe skin lesions in some cats. Atenolol does not decrease circulating NT-proBNP or troponin in cats with HCM prior to the onset of heart failure.3 In a recent study, atenolol also did not prolong survival in cats with preclinical HCM when compared to cats that were not on atenolol.4Treatment of Cats in Heart Failure Due to HCM (Some Things Work)Cats that present in heart failure primarily have clinical signs referable to pulmonary edema and/or pleural effusion. Consequently, therapy is generally aimed at decreasing left atrial and pulmonary venous pressures in these cats and physically removing the effusion. In some cats with severe heart failure, clinical evidence of hypoperfusion (low-output heart failure) may also be apparent. The signs may be manifested primarily as cold extremities. Pulmonary edema is primarily treated with diuretics (almost exclusively with furosemide) acutely and chronically and an ACE enzyme inhibitor chronically,

At home and the same can be said for tachycardia. Beta blockers are effective for reducing SAM. Two unpublished studies have examined the effects of esmolol, a short-acting β1-adrenergic blocking drug, in cats with HCM and obstruction to left ventricular outflow due to SAM and shown a reduction in the pressure gradient across the outflow tract. In both studies, the degree of outflow tract obstruction decreased and the heart rate slowed and in one esmolol was more effective than diltiazem.Atenolol is a specific β1-adrenergic blocking drug that needs to be administered twice a day, usually at a total dose of 6.25 to 12.5 mg PO q12h.6 "container-title":"Am J Vet Res,""page":"1050-3,""volume":"57,""source":"NLM,""archive_ location":"8807020,""abstract":"OBJECTIVES: To determine the pharmacokinetics of atenolol (ATIn cats, atenolol has a half-life of 3.5 h. When administered to cats at a dose of 3 mg/kg, atenolol attenuates the increase in heart rate produced by isoproterenol for 12, but not for 24, h.PimobendanIn theory, pimobendan, due its potent positive inotropic effects in other species, should be contraindicated in cats with HCM. One retrospective study, however, used pimobendan in 68 cats with HCM and recorded no untoward effects.7 However, in another study, pimobendan to a cat with systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve resulted in hypotension.8A survey of veterinary cardiologists/residents regarding their use of pimobendan in cats with cardiomyopathy was recently performed by the author. Results show:1. Most do not use PB in cats with HCM unless they have myocardial dysfunction or are refractory to conventional heart failure therapy.2. In

Although recent evidence suggests that ACE inhibition may not be that helpful in prolonging survival in cats with HCM. Diltiazem and beta adrenergic blockers, usually atenolol, have been commonly used as adjunctive agents. Recent evidence suggests that diltiazem is not helpful in prolonging survival in cats with heart failure due to severe HCM and that atenolol may actually shorten survival time. Pleurocentesis is most effective for treating cats with severe pleural effusion. However, furosemide is often helpful at slowing effusion re-accumulation.Acute TherapyCats that present with respiratory distress suspected of having heart failure secondary to HCM need to be placed in an oxygen enriched environment. If possible, the cat should be initially evaluated by doing a cursory physical examination, taking care not to stress the patient during this or any other procedure, since stress exacerbates dyspnea and arrhythmias and often leads to death. Most, but not all, cats with severe HCM that are in heart failure will have a heart murmur, and many will have a gallop sound (gallop rhythm). A butterfly catheter should be used to perform thoracentesis on both sides of the chest to look for pleural effusion as soon as possible. Generally, this should be done with the cat in a sternal position so that it does not become stressed during the procedure. Clipping of the hair is not needed. If fluid is identified, it should be removed. If none is identified, a lateral thoracic radiograph to identify pulmonary edema may be taken with the veterinarian present to

Cats with HCM refractory to conventional heart failure therapy, around 50% use it only if SAM is not present and 50% use it regardless of whether it's present or not.3. Almost all use pimobendan in cats with HCM and myocardial failure, DCM, and UCM/RCM when the cat is in heart failure.4. In cats with HCM, around 50 to 60% think more than 50% of cats have a clinical response to pimobendan.5. (VIN editor: Step 5 was missing from the original text.)6. Approximately half had the impression that cats with HCM and DCM lived longer. Only around one-third thought cats with UCM/RCM lived longer.7. Most use a dose of 0.25 to 0.3 mg/kg BID.References1. MacDonald KA, Kittleson MD, Larson RF, Kass P, Klose T, Wisner ER. The effect of ramipril on left ventricular mass, myocardial fibrosis, diastolic function, and plasma neurohormones in Maine Coon cats with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy without heart failure. J Vet Intern Med. 2006;20:1093–1105.2. MacDonald KA, Kittleson MD, Kass PH, White SD. Effect of spironolactone on diastolic function and left ventricular mass in Maine Coon cats with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Vet Intern Med. 2008;22:335–341.3. Jung SW, Kittleson MD. The effect of atenolol on NT-proBNP and troponin in asymptomatic cats with severe left ventricular hypertrophy because of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a pilot study. J Vet Intern Med. 2011;25:1044–1049.4. Schober KE, Zientek J, Li X, Fuentes VL, Bonagura JD. Effect of treatment with atenolol on 5-year survival in cats with preclinical (asymptomatic) hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Vet Cardiol. 2013;15(2):93–104.5. Bright JM,