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PMAP 8521 Example: Diff-in-diff with R: 5: Diff-in-diff with

By default, git log does not generate any diff output. The optionsbelow can be used to show the changes made by each commit.Note that unless one of --diff-merges variants (including short-m, -c, --cc, and --dd options) is explicitly given, merge commitswill not show a diff, even if a diff format like --patch isselected, nor will they match search options like -S. The exceptionis when --first-parent is in use, in which case first-parent isthe default format for merge commits. -p -u --patch Generate patch (see Generating patch text with -p). -s --no-patch Suppress all output from the diff machinery. Useful forcommands like git show that show the patch by default tosquelch their output, or to cancel the effect of options like--patch, --stat earlier on the command line in an alias. -m Show diffs for merge commits in the default format. This issimilar to --diff-merges=on, except -m willproduce no output unless -p is given as well. -c Produce combined diff output for merge commits.Shortcut for --diff-merges=combined -p. --cc Produce dense combined diff output for merge commits.Shortcut for --diff-merges=dense-combined -p. --dd Produce diff with respect to first parent for both merge andregular commits.Shortcut for --diff-merges=first-parent -p. --remerge-diff Produce remerge-diff output for merge commits.Shortcut for --diff-merges=remerge -p. --no-diff-merges Synonym for --diff-merges=off. --diff-merges= Specify diff format to be used for merge commits. Default is`off` unless --first-parent is in use, inwhich case first-parent is the default.The following formats are supported: off, none Disable output of diffs for merge commits. Useful to overrideimplied value. on, m Make diff output for merge commits to be shown in the defaultformat. The default format can be changed usinglog.diffMerges configuration variable, whose default valueis separate. first-parent, 1 Show full diff with respect to first parent. This is the sameformat as --patch produces for non-merge commits. separate Show full diff with respect to each of parents.Separate log entry and diff is generated for each parent. combined, c Show differences from each of the parents to the mergeresult simultaneously instead of showing pairwise diff betweena parent and the result one at a time. Furthermore, it listsonly files which were modified from all parents. dense-combined, cc Further compress output produced by --diff-merges=combinedby omitting uninteresting hunks whose contents in the parentshave only two variants and the merge result picks one of themwithout modification. remerge, r Remerge two-parent merge commits to create a temporary treeobject—​potentially containing files with conflict markersand such. A diff is then shown

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Diff-in-diff : r/econometrics - Reddit

Technology which enables it to read online . SQL Server Auditing and Recovery With ApexSQL Log . He has authored 11 SQL Server . Look at most relevant Apexsql recover torrent download websites out of 48.8 Thousand at KeyOptimize.com. Apexsql recover torrent download found at download.cnet.com . ApexSQL Log 2017 Full Version, ApexSQL Log 2017 Cracks, ApexSQL Log 2017 Serials, ApexSQL Log 2017 Keygens. ApexSQL Diff all versions serial number and keygen, ApexSQL Diff serial number, ApexSQL Diff keygen, ApexSQL Diff crack, ApexSQL Diff activation key, ApexSQL Diff . . 21 Mb/s time: 8.05.2012 AUTHOR: tiademi apex sql 2011 key Download Apex SQL Log API 2011.01 . pirate key, keymaker or keygen for Apex SQL Log 2011.01 . ApexSQL Diff all versions serial number and keygen, ApexSQL Diff serial number, ApexSQL Diff keygen, ApexSQL Diff crack, ApexSQL Diff activation key, ApexSQL Diff . apexsql log Full Rapidshare, apexsql log Cracks, apexsql log Serials, apexsql log Keygens. Applies to ApexSQL Log Summary How to use advanced filtering options in ApexSQL Log in order to get the details faster. Description ApexSQL Log has the following . Apexsql Log Activation Key Keygen.rar >> ApexSQL Log 2017 Full Version, . iso, torrent, full, crack, direct, download, ddl, free, key, new . Look at most relevant Apexsql log 2011 serial free websites out of 460 Thousand at KeyOptimize.com. Apexsql log 2011 serial free found at apex-sql-log.apex-sql . Take APEXSQL serial keygen here. It's free and fast, it'll take you just one minute No registration is

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In a format using lines of context, has been included. The format is useful for a variety of reasons, among them being much improved readability and the ability to understand difference changes when the target file has line numbers that differ from another similar, but slightly different, copy. The patch utility is most valuable when working with difference listings using the context format. The BSD version of -c takes an optional argument specifying the amount of context. Rather than overloading -c and breaking the Utility Syntax Guidelines for diff, the standard developers decided to add a separate option for specifying a context diff with a specified amount of context ( -C). Also, the format for context diffs was extended slightly in 4.3 BSD to allow multiple changes that are within context lines from each other to be merged together. The output format contains an additional four asterisks after the range of affected lines in the first filename. This was to provide a flag for old programs (like old versions of patch) that only understand the old context format. The version of context described here does not require that multiple changes within context lines be merged, but it does not prohibit it either. The extension is upwards-compatible, so any vendors that wish to retain the old version of diff can do so by adding the extra four asterisks (that is, utilities that currently use diff and understand the new merged format will also understand the old unmerged format, but not vice versa). The substitute command was added as an additional format for the -e option. This was added to provide implementations with a way to fix the classic "dot alone on a line" bug present in many versions of diff. Since many implementations have fixed this bug, the standard developers decided not to standardize broken behavior, but rather to provide the necessary tool for fixing the bug. One way to fix this bug is to output two periods whenever a lone period is needed, then terminate the append command with a period, and then use the substitute command to convert the two periods into one period. The BSD-derived -r option was added to provide a mechanism for using diff to compare two file system trees. This behavior is useful, is standard practice on all BSD-derived systems, and is not easily reproducible with the find utility. The requirement that diff not compare. Download Diff-R latest version for Windows free to try. Diff-R latest update: J Diff r / Delayed by Ga l Segalen different voices, released 1. Diff r / Delayed 1 2. Diff r / Delayed 2 3. Diff r / Delayed 3 Excerpts. Field

Como fazer diff in diff no R - Econometria - YouTube

A diff file describes the differences between two versions of a file of a database or software module. The usage of diff files limits traffic on your company's network because diff files occupy less space than entire files of databases and software modules. If the Downloading diff files feature is enabled on a distribution point, the diff files are saved on this distribution point. As a result, devices that take updates from this distribution point can use the saved diff files to update their databases and software modules.To optimize the usage of diff files, we recommend that you synchronize the update schedule of devices with the update schedule of the distribution point from which the devices take updates. However, the traffic can be saved even if devices are updated several times less often than is the distribution point from which the devices take updates. Distribution points do not use IP multicasting for automatic distribution of diff files.To enable the Downloading diff files feature:In the main menu, go to Assets (Devices) → Tasks.Click the Download updates to the repositories of distribution points task to open the task properties.On the Application settings tab, enable the Download diff files option.Click the Save button.The Downloading diff files feature is enabled. Diff files of updates will be downloaded in addition to the update files each time the Download updates to the repositories of distribution points task is run.To check that the Downloading diff files feature is successfully enabled, you can measure the internal traffic before and after you perform the scenario. Page top

Triple Diff in Diff resources? : r/econometrics - Reddit

Diagnostic messages.OUTPUT FILES None.EXTENDED DESCRIPTION None.EXIT STATUS The following exit values shall be returned: 0 No differences were found. 1 Differences were found. >1 An error occurred.CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS Default. The following sections are informative.APPLICATION USAGE If lines at the end of a file are changed and other lines are added, diff output may show this as a delete and add, as a change, or as a change and add; diff is not expected to know which happened and users should not care about the difference in output as long as it clearly shows the differences between the files.EXAMPLES If dir1 is a directory containing a directory named x, dir2 is a directory containing a directory named x, dir1/x and dir2/x both contain files named date.out, and dir2/x contains a file named y, the command: diff -r dir1 dir2 could produce output similar to: Common subdirectories: dir1/x and dir2/x Only in dir2/x: y diff -r dir1/x/date.out dir2/x/date.out 1c1 Mon Jul 2 13:12:16 PDT 1990 --- > Tue Jun 19 21:41:39 PDT 1990RATIONALE The -h option was omitted because it was insufficiently specified and does not add to applications portability. Historical implementations employ algorithms that do not always produce a minimum list of differences; the current language about making every effort is the best this volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 can do, as there is no metric that could be employed to judge the quality of implementations against any and all file contents. The statement "This list should be minimal'' clearly implies that implementations are not expected to provide the following output when comparing two 100-line files that differ in only one character on a single line: 1,100c1,100 all 100 lines from file1 preceded with " " --- all 100 lines from file2 preceded with "> " The "Only in" messages required when the -r option is specified are not used by most historical implementations if the -e option is also specified. It is required here because it provides useful information that must be provided to update a target directory hierarchy to match a source hierarchy. The "Common subdirectories" messages are written by System V and 4.3 BSD when the -r option is specified. They are allowed here but are not required because they are reporting on something that is the same, not reporting a difference, and are not needed to update a target hierarchy. The -c option, which writes output

The diff Function in R - Stats with R

Sometimes when working with Git you'd like to commit binary files.But those files won't have clean comparisons with Git standard diff command.Fortunately Git is a great tool that comes with a lot of possibilities…If, as a developer, you are under company constraints and must use MS Office,you'll encounter some issues when trying to diff MS Office files.Maybe you're asking yourself: what's the problem with that?Here it is: MS Office will produce binary files which Git won't be able to compare.Luckily there are great tools that will convert your files in order to get nice diffs:catdoc (for Word)xls2csv (for Excel)catppt (for Powerpoint)You can download them here: that each one works on your operating system, there is no guarantee that it works with Git Bash, for instance.Now, how do you configure Git in order to use these tools?First, add the following lines into your $HOME/.config/git/attributes file. If on Windows, $HOME is your user's root directory, such as C:\Users\.*.doc diff=doc*.xls diff=xls*.ppt diff=pptIf you don’t want this to be global, you can configure it in your project:in .gitattributesin .git/info/attributes if you don’t want it to be committed with your projectThen, in your global configuration file $HOME/.gitconfig (or $HOME/.config/git/config) add these:[diff "word"] textconv = catdoc binary = true[diff "xls"] textconv = xls2csv binary = true[diff "ppt"] textconv = catppt binary = trueYou can do the same without opening that file writing in your console:git config --global diff.doc.textconv catdocgit config --global diff.xls.textconv xls2csvgit config --global diff.ppt.textconv catpptAgain, if you only want these locally in your project, either use the .git/config local configuration file, or just strip the --global flags in the commands above.Here you are, ready to diff on MS Office files! 😎Open OfficeIf you are using Open Office, you'd probably like to do the same. The procedure is described in the French edition of the Git Book. Here is a summary:In your attributes file:*.odt diff=odtIn your config file:[diff "odt"] textconv = odt2txt binary = true.odt files are compressed directories, the contents is XML.In the French edition of the Git Book, the author writes his own PERL scripts, which didn't work for me.I recommend you use odt2txt. You can find packages for Linux and MacOS (brew install odt2txt).And there you go!PDFThere is a nice tool that extracts PDFs as text, written in Python: PDF miner.If you don't already have it, you can download it here: is as simple as the previous ones:In your attributes file:*.pdf diff=pdfIn your config file:[diff "pdf"] textconv = pdf2txt.py binary = trueHere you are, ready to diff all these binary file types!A word about performanceBecause converting binary files into text could take a while, you would probably like to enable caching. In your config, you can expand the diff driver definitions like

What do the terms: no diff, mid diff high diff mean? : r - Reddit

Files in some circumstances, even though they have the same name, is based on the actual output of historical implementations. The message specified here is already in use when a directory is being compared to a non-directory. It is extended here to preclude the problems arising from running into FIFOs and other files that would cause diff to hang waiting for input with no indication to the user that diff was hung. In most common usage, diff -r should indicate differences in the file hierarchies, not the difference of contents of devices pointed to by the hierarchies. Many early implementations of diff require seekable files. Since the System Interfaces volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 supports named pipes, the standard developers decided that such a restriction was unreasonable. Note also that the allowed filename - almost always refers to a pipe. No directory search order is specified for diff. The historical ordering is, in fact, not optimal, in that it prints out all of the differences at the current level, including the statements about all common subdirectories before recursing into those subdirectories. The message: "diff %s %s %s\n", diff_options>, filename1>, filename2> does not vary by locale because it is the representation of a command, not an English sentence.FUTURE DIRECTIONS None.SEE ALSO cmp , comm , ed , findCOPYRIGHT Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2003 Edition, Standard for Information Technology -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 6, Copyright (C) 2001-2003 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group. In the event of any discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard is the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online at .. Download Diff-R latest version for Windows free to try. Diff-R latest update: J Diff r / Delayed by Ga l Segalen different voices, released 1. Diff r / Delayed 1 2. Diff r / Delayed 2 3. Diff r / Delayed 3 Excerpts. Field

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diffobj - Diffs for R Objects

Provided by: manpages-posix_2.16-1_all NAME diff - compare two filesSYNOPSIS diff [-c| -e| -f| -C n][-br] file1 file2DESCRIPTION The diff utility shall compare the contents of file1 and file2 and write to standard output a list of changes necessary to convert file1 into file2. This list should be minimal. No output shall be produced if the files are identical.OPTIONS The diff utility shall conform to the Base Definitions volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, Section 12.2, Utility Syntax Guidelines. The following options shall be supported: -b Cause any amount of white space at the end of a line to be treated as a single (that is, the white-space characters preceding the are ignored) and other strings of white-space characters, not including s, to compare equal. -c Produce output in a form that provides three lines of context. -C n Produce output in a form that provides n lines of context (where n shall be interpreted as a positive decimal integer). -e Produce output in a form suitable as input for the ed utility, which can then be used to convert file1 into file2. -f Produce output in an alternative form, similar in format to -e, but not intended to be suitable as input for the ed utility, and in the opposite order. -r Apply diff recursively to files and directories of the same name when file1 and file2 are both directories.OPERANDS The following operands shall be supported: file1, file2 A pathname of a file to be compared. If either the file1 or file2 operand is '-' , the standard input shall be used in its place. If both file1 and file2 are directories, diff shall not compare block special files, character special files, or FIFO special files to any files and shall not compare regular files to directories. Further details are as specified in Diff Directory Comparison Format . The behavior of diff on other file types is implementation-defined when found in directories. If only one of file1 and file2 is a directory, diff shall be applied to the non-directory file and the file contained in the directory file with a filename that is the same as the last component of the non- directory file.STDIN The standard input shall be used only if one of the file1 or file2 operands references standard input. See the INPUT FILES section.INPUT FILES The input files may be of any type.ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES The following environment variables

How to Use diff Function in R - Dive into the diff func

Understand and combine different file versions. DiffMerge is highly useful for software developers, web designers and other professionals. The tightCategory: File and DiskDeveloper: Chameleon - Download - Price: $29.95compare - diff - merge - synchronize - foldersSourceGear Vault Professional Client v.5. 1. 2001Vault Pro tightly integrates your Version Control, Work Item tracking and more: giving you the context to know who did what, when, and why.Category: Personal and HomeDeveloper: SourceGear - Download - Buy: $34.00SourceGear Vault Standard Server v.5 1SourceSafe Import Vault's VSS Handoff gets you up and running in no time, with access to all of your VSS History, Shares and Pins. Jump right into the safer, faster, more-powerful world of Vault, and leave nothing behind.Category: Security & PrivacyDeveloper: SourceGear - Download - Buy: $349.00DbForge Schema Compare for SQL Server v.5.0dbForge Schema Compare for SQL Server is a reliable, easy-to-use tool to compare and synchronize schemas of Microsoft SQL Server databases. It quickly analyzes database structure differences and propagates the changes to a required SQL Server.Category: DatabaseDeveloper: Devart - Download - Buy: $249.95EOL Converter v.1.0EOL Converter is an utility to convert text file line endings to Windows/Dos(CRLF), Unix/Linux(LF) or Macintosh(CR) format. It is very useful for writing and reading text files in different OSes.Category: UtilitiesDeveloper: Totato - Download - Freediffmerge - projectdiff - compare - diff - mergeMedini unite v.3.0.1Diffmerge Onlinemedini unite - the tool for differences analysis and for consistent automated merge of Simulink and Stateflow models. In MATLAB/Simulink/Stateflow based development, different versions of models are created.Category: UtilitiesDeveloper: ikv++ technologies ag - Download - Buy: $2231.72simulink - diff - difference - differences - matlabSQL Source Control v.2.2.1.23SQL Source Control makes database version control seamless. It links your databases to your existing source control system straight from SSMS, so you can enjoy the benefits of source control without having to disrupt your workflow.Category: UtilitiesDeveloper: Red Gate Software Limited - Download - Buy: $295.00sql tools - oracle tools - .net tools - email archiving tools - newsApex SQL Diff v.2012.01ApexSQL Diff 2012 is a high speed Database comparison and synchronization tool. Automatically generate scripts to synchronize two databases, graphically view. Download Diff-R latest version for Windows free to try. Diff-R latest update: J

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Skip to main content This browser is no longer supported. Upgrade to Microsoft Edge to take advantage of the latest features, security updates, and technical support. [MS-SSAS-T]: SQL Server Analysis Services Tabular Protocol Article04/10/2023 In this article -->Specifies an extension of the SQL Server Analysis Servicesprotocol [MS-SSAS] by specifying the methods for a client to communicate withand perform operations on an analysis server that uses Tabular databases thatare at compatibility level 1200 or higher.This page and associated content may beupdated frequently. We recommend you subscribe to the RSS feed to receive update notifications.Published Version Date Protocol Revision Revision Class Downloads 1/31/2025 13.0 Major PDF | DOCX Clickhere to download a zip file of all PDF files for SQL Server Protocols.Previous Versions Date Protocol Revision Revision Class Downloads 5/14/2024 12.0 Major PDF | DOCX | Diff 4/10/2023 11.0 Major PDF | DOCX | Diff 11/1/2022 10.0 Major PDF | DOCX | Diff 4/6/2021 9.0 Major PDF | DOCX | Errata | Diff 6/22/2020 8.0 Major PDF | DOCX | Errata | Diff 3/5/2020 7.0 Major PDF | DOCX | Errata | Diff 12/18/2019 6.0 Major PDF | DOCX | Diff 10/16/2019 5.0 Major PDF | DOCX | Diff 3/16/2018 4.0 Major PDF | DOCX | Diff 8/16/2017 3.0 Major PDF | DOCX | Diff 7/14/2016 2.0 Major PDF | DOCX | Diff 5/10/2016 1.0 New PDF | DOCX Preview VersionsFrom time to time, Microsoft maypublish a preview, or pre-release, version of an Open Specifications technicaldocument for community review and feedback. To submit feedback for a previewversion of a technical document, please follow any instructions specified forthat document. If no instructions are indicated for the document, pleaseprovide feedback by using the OpenSpecification Forums.The preview period for a technical document varies.Additionally, not every technical document will be published for preview.A preview version of

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User2454

By default, git log does not generate any diff output. The optionsbelow can be used to show the changes made by each commit.Note that unless one of --diff-merges variants (including short-m, -c, --cc, and --dd options) is explicitly given, merge commitswill not show a diff, even if a diff format like --patch isselected, nor will they match search options like -S. The exceptionis when --first-parent is in use, in which case first-parent isthe default format for merge commits. -p -u --patch Generate patch (see Generating patch text with -p). -s --no-patch Suppress all output from the diff machinery. Useful forcommands like git show that show the patch by default tosquelch their output, or to cancel the effect of options like--patch, --stat earlier on the command line in an alias. -m Show diffs for merge commits in the default format. This issimilar to --diff-merges=on, except -m willproduce no output unless -p is given as well. -c Produce combined diff output for merge commits.Shortcut for --diff-merges=combined -p. --cc Produce dense combined diff output for merge commits.Shortcut for --diff-merges=dense-combined -p. --dd Produce diff with respect to first parent for both merge andregular commits.Shortcut for --diff-merges=first-parent -p. --remerge-diff Produce remerge-diff output for merge commits.Shortcut for --diff-merges=remerge -p. --no-diff-merges Synonym for --diff-merges=off. --diff-merges= Specify diff format to be used for merge commits. Default is`off` unless --first-parent is in use, inwhich case first-parent is the default.The following formats are supported: off, none Disable output of diffs for merge commits. Useful to overrideimplied value. on, m Make diff output for merge commits to be shown in the defaultformat. The default format can be changed usinglog.diffMerges configuration variable, whose default valueis separate. first-parent, 1 Show full diff with respect to first parent. This is the sameformat as --patch produces for non-merge commits. separate Show full diff with respect to each of parents.Separate log entry and diff is generated for each parent. combined, c Show differences from each of the parents to the mergeresult simultaneously instead of showing pairwise diff betweena parent and the result one at a time. Furthermore, it listsonly files which were modified from all parents. dense-combined, cc Further compress output produced by --diff-merges=combinedby omitting uninteresting hunks whose contents in the parentshave only two variants and the merge result picks one of themwithout modification. remerge, r Remerge two-parent merge commits to create a temporary treeobject—​potentially containing files with conflict markersand such. A diff is then shown

2025-04-10
User2482

Technology which enables it to read online . SQL Server Auditing and Recovery With ApexSQL Log . He has authored 11 SQL Server . Look at most relevant Apexsql recover torrent download websites out of 48.8 Thousand at KeyOptimize.com. Apexsql recover torrent download found at download.cnet.com . ApexSQL Log 2017 Full Version, ApexSQL Log 2017 Cracks, ApexSQL Log 2017 Serials, ApexSQL Log 2017 Keygens. ApexSQL Diff all versions serial number and keygen, ApexSQL Diff serial number, ApexSQL Diff keygen, ApexSQL Diff crack, ApexSQL Diff activation key, ApexSQL Diff . . 21 Mb/s time: 8.05.2012 AUTHOR: tiademi apex sql 2011 key Download Apex SQL Log API 2011.01 . pirate key, keymaker or keygen for Apex SQL Log 2011.01 . ApexSQL Diff all versions serial number and keygen, ApexSQL Diff serial number, ApexSQL Diff keygen, ApexSQL Diff crack, ApexSQL Diff activation key, ApexSQL Diff . apexsql log Full Rapidshare, apexsql log Cracks, apexsql log Serials, apexsql log Keygens. Applies to ApexSQL Log Summary How to use advanced filtering options in ApexSQL Log in order to get the details faster. Description ApexSQL Log has the following . Apexsql Log Activation Key Keygen.rar >> ApexSQL Log 2017 Full Version, . iso, torrent, full, crack, direct, download, ddl, free, key, new . Look at most relevant Apexsql log 2011 serial free websites out of 460 Thousand at KeyOptimize.com. Apexsql log 2011 serial free found at apex-sql-log.apex-sql . Take APEXSQL serial keygen here. It's free and fast, it'll take you just one minute No registration is

2025-04-02
User4343

A diff file describes the differences between two versions of a file of a database or software module. The usage of diff files limits traffic on your company's network because diff files occupy less space than entire files of databases and software modules. If the Downloading diff files feature is enabled on a distribution point, the diff files are saved on this distribution point. As a result, devices that take updates from this distribution point can use the saved diff files to update their databases and software modules.To optimize the usage of diff files, we recommend that you synchronize the update schedule of devices with the update schedule of the distribution point from which the devices take updates. However, the traffic can be saved even if devices are updated several times less often than is the distribution point from which the devices take updates. Distribution points do not use IP multicasting for automatic distribution of diff files.To enable the Downloading diff files feature:In the main menu, go to Assets (Devices) → Tasks.Click the Download updates to the repositories of distribution points task to open the task properties.On the Application settings tab, enable the Download diff files option.Click the Save button.The Downloading diff files feature is enabled. Diff files of updates will be downloaded in addition to the update files each time the Download updates to the repositories of distribution points task is run.To check that the Downloading diff files feature is successfully enabled, you can measure the internal traffic before and after you perform the scenario. Page top

2025-04-19
User8962

Diagnostic messages.OUTPUT FILES None.EXTENDED DESCRIPTION None.EXIT STATUS The following exit values shall be returned: 0 No differences were found. 1 Differences were found. >1 An error occurred.CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS Default. The following sections are informative.APPLICATION USAGE If lines at the end of a file are changed and other lines are added, diff output may show this as a delete and add, as a change, or as a change and add; diff is not expected to know which happened and users should not care about the difference in output as long as it clearly shows the differences between the files.EXAMPLES If dir1 is a directory containing a directory named x, dir2 is a directory containing a directory named x, dir1/x and dir2/x both contain files named date.out, and dir2/x contains a file named y, the command: diff -r dir1 dir2 could produce output similar to: Common subdirectories: dir1/x and dir2/x Only in dir2/x: y diff -r dir1/x/date.out dir2/x/date.out 1c1 Mon Jul 2 13:12:16 PDT 1990 --- > Tue Jun 19 21:41:39 PDT 1990RATIONALE The -h option was omitted because it was insufficiently specified and does not add to applications portability. Historical implementations employ algorithms that do not always produce a minimum list of differences; the current language about making every effort is the best this volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 can do, as there is no metric that could be employed to judge the quality of implementations against any and all file contents. The statement "This list should be minimal'' clearly implies that implementations are not expected to provide the following output when comparing two 100-line files that differ in only one character on a single line: 1,100c1,100 all 100 lines from file1 preceded with " " --- all 100 lines from file2 preceded with "> " The "Only in" messages required when the -r option is specified are not used by most historical implementations if the -e option is also specified. It is required here because it provides useful information that must be provided to update a target directory hierarchy to match a source hierarchy. The "Common subdirectories" messages are written by System V and 4.3 BSD when the -r option is specified. They are allowed here but are not required because they are reporting on something that is the same, not reporting a difference, and are not needed to update a target hierarchy. The -c option, which writes output

2025-04-23
User4708

Files in some circumstances, even though they have the same name, is based on the actual output of historical implementations. The message specified here is already in use when a directory is being compared to a non-directory. It is extended here to preclude the problems arising from running into FIFOs and other files that would cause diff to hang waiting for input with no indication to the user that diff was hung. In most common usage, diff -r should indicate differences in the file hierarchies, not the difference of contents of devices pointed to by the hierarchies. Many early implementations of diff require seekable files. Since the System Interfaces volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 supports named pipes, the standard developers decided that such a restriction was unreasonable. Note also that the allowed filename - almost always refers to a pipe. No directory search order is specified for diff. The historical ordering is, in fact, not optimal, in that it prints out all of the differences at the current level, including the statements about all common subdirectories before recursing into those subdirectories. The message: "diff %s %s %s\n", diff_options>, filename1>, filename2> does not vary by locale because it is the representation of a command, not an English sentence.FUTURE DIRECTIONS None.SEE ALSO cmp , comm , ed , findCOPYRIGHT Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2003 Edition, Standard for Information Technology -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 6, Copyright (C) 2001-2003 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group. In the event of any discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard is the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online at .

2025-03-28

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